Metafisika Eksistensial menurut Martin Heidegger: Model Manusia Altruistik di Tengah Nihilisme Kehidupan Bermasyarakat Indonesia
Existential Metaphysics according to Martin Heidegger: Altruistic Human Model amidst the Nihilism of Indonesian Social Life
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v7i2.71030Keywords:
nihilism, being-with-other, care, altruism, meaningful lifeAbstract
The focus of the research lies on exploring the meaning of human existence amidst the nihilism of life through metaphysical-philosophical reflection according to Martin Heidegger's thought. For Heidegger, humans are being-with-other; human cannot be separated from other humans in the world. Heidegger proposes how being-with-other always has a nature based on sorge or care for others in everydayness. On the other hand, humans are influenced by nihilism or live in the meaninglessness that the world offers today. Humans are increasingly showing a life of complete disregard for the world and other humans which then creates selfishness in themselves. Therefore, exploring the meaning of human existence according to Heidegger's thought will find an altruistic attitude that humans can internalize and also bring meaningful life in the midst of nihilism. The method used in the research is qualitative method through literature study. This research found that Heidegger's concept of sorge or care interprets human life as being-with-others. The contribution of this research is to awaken human altruism as being-with-other and create a meaningful life through caring for others.
References
Abdurohman, I. (2013). Daftar Negara Termiskin di Dunia 2023: Indonesia Nomor Berapa? Tirto.Id.
Bagus, L. (1991). Metafisika. Gramedia.
Campbell, S. M. (2020). The Intensity of Lived‑Experience in Martin Heidegger’s Basic Problems of Phenomenology (WS 1919/2020): A Comparison to Being and Time. Human Studies, 0123456789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10746-019-09523-5.
Camus, A. (1975). The Myth of Sisyphus. Penguin Books.
Carlson, R. W., & Zaki, J. (2021). Belief in Altruistic Motives Predicts Prosocial Actions and Inferences. Psychological Reports. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941211013529.
Cleary, S. C. (2020). Existentialism. In and D. A. K. Massimo Pigliucci, Skye C. Cleary (Ed.), How to Live A Good Life. Vintage Books.
Crowell, S. (2020). On what matters. Personal Identity as a Phenomenological Problem. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-020-09695-x.
Culbertson, C. (2019). The Genuine Possibility of Being-with : Watsuji , Heidegger , and the Primacy of Betweenness The Genuine Possibility of Being-with : Watsuji , Heidegger , and the Primacy of Betweenness. Comparative and Continental Philosophy, 11(1), 7–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17570638.2019.1596560.
D’Agnese, V. (2018). ‘Not‑being‑at‑home’: Subject, Freedom and Transcending in Heideggerian Educational Philosophy. Studies in Philosophy and Education, 37(3), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-018-9598-3.
Darbyshire, P., & Oerther, S. (2020). Heidegger and Parenthood: A Theoretical and methodological Shift from Instrumental to Ontological Understanding. Journal of Child Health Care, 0(0), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493520965836.
Darmawan, A. P., & Nugroho, R. S. (2023). Korban Tewas Konflik Hamas-Israel Mencapai Lebih 1.500 Orang. Kompas.Com. https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2023/10/10/094500465/korban-tewas-konflik-hamas-israel-mencapai-lebih-1.500-orang.
Dreyfus, H. L. (1991). Being-in-the-World: A Commentary on Heidegger’s Being and Time, Division I. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Elley-Brown, M. J., & Pringle, J. K. (2019). Sorge , Heideggerian Ethic of Care: Creating More Caring Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04243-3.
Febriansyah, G., & Frieda. (2018). Hubungan Antara Efikasi Diri Dengan Altruisme pada Relawan Palang Merah Indonesia. Jurnal Empati, 7(4), 198–205.
Fossa, F. (2020). Nihilism, Existentialism, – and Gnosticism? Reassessing the role of the gnostic religion in Hans Jonas’s thought. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 46(1), 64–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0191453719839455.
Gennaro, I. De, & Lüfter, R. (2022). Ethics of Difference: Towards a Phenomenology of Inclusion. Philosophy Study, 12(8), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5313/2022.08.002.
Gullick, J., Wu, J., Reid, C., Tembo, A. C., Shishehgar, S., & Conlon, L. (2020). Heideggerian structures of Being‑With in the Nurse–Patient Relationship: Modelling Phenomenological Analysis Through Qualitative Meta‑Synthesis. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11019-020-09975-y.
Hanisch, H. (2021). How care holds humanity: the myth of Cura and theories of care. Medical Humanities, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/medhum-2020-012136.
Heidegger, M. (1949). Existence and Being. Henry Regnery Company.
Heidegger, M. (1995). The Fundamental Concepts of Metaphysics. Indiana University Press.
Heidegger, M. (2000). Introduction to Metaphysics. Yale University Press.
Heidegger, M. (2001). Being And Time. Blackwell Publishers.
Heidegger, M. (2003). The End of Philosophy. The University of Chicago Press.
Jaya, T. P., & Susanti, R. (2023). Kadinkes Lampung Reihana, Berawal dari Gaya Hidup Hedon, Kini Diperiksa KPK. Kompas.Com. https://regional.kompas.com/read/2023/05/08/163715178/kadinkes-lampung-reihana-berawal-dari-gaya-hidup-hedon-kini-diperiksa-kpk.
Kahambing, J. G. (2020). The abyss, or the insufficiency of ethical nihilism for Nietzsche’s. Ethics & Bioethics, 10(3–4), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.2478/ebce-2020-0011.
Knudsen, N. K. (2019). Relationality and Commitment: Ethics and Ontology in Heidegger’s Aristotle. The Journal of the British Society for Phenomenology, 0(0), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071773.2019.1574218.
Kominfo. (2013). Indonesia Miliki Kekayaan dan Keanekaragaman Budaya. Kominfo.Go.Id.
Larivière, N., & Quintin, J. (2021). Heidegger and Human Occupation: An existential Perspective Heidegger and Human Occupation. Journal of Occupational Science, 0(0), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2020.1858941.
Low, N., & Sturup, S. (2017). Being and Planning, World Formation and Authenticity in Heideggerian Analysis. Planning Theory, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1473095217704234.
Marren, M. (2020). Boundless care: Lacoste’s Liturgical Being Refigured Through Heidegger’s Sorge. International Journal of Philosophy and Theology, 81(3), 328–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/21692327.2019.1705175.
Mckinney, T. (2017). ‘As One Does’: Understanding Heidegger’s Account of Das Man. European Journal of Philosophy, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12257.
Ney, A. (2023). Metaphysics: An Introduction (Second Edi). Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Nietzsche, F. (1968). The Will to Power. Vintage Books.
Peters, M. E. (2018). Heidegger’s Embodied Others: on Critiques of the Body and ‘Intersubjectivity’ in Being and Time. Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11097-018-9580-0.
Piper, K. (2020). Effective Altruism. In and D. A. K. Massimo Pigliucci, Skye C. Cleary (Ed.), How to Live A Good Life. Vintage Books.
Politis, V. (2004). Aristotle and the Metaphysics. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
Putra, M. E., Salsabila, N., Setyani, I., & Widjarnarko, M. (2022). Altruisme Relawan Palang Merah Indonesia Kabupaten Kudus dalam Penanggulangan Bencana. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Insani, 7(2), 133–142.
Raia, F. (2020). The Temporality of Becoming: Care as an Activity to Support the Being and Becoming of the Other Being and Becoming of the Other. Mind, Culture, and Activity, 0(0), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10749039.2020.1745846.
Ricard, M. (2015). Altruism. Little, Brown, and Company.
Riyanto, A. (2013). Menjadi-Mencintai. Kanisius.
Riyanto, A. (2018). Relasionalitas Filsafat Fondasi Interpretasi: Aku, Teks, Liyan, Fenomen. Kanisius.
Sauri, S. (2022). Altruisme Masyarakat Indonesia melalui Platform Crowdfunding di Kitabisa.com. ILTIZAMAT, 2(1).
Schopenhauer, A. (1970). Essays and Aphorisms. Penguin Books.
Setiawan, A. D., & Kurniati, P. (2023). Ronald Tannur, Anak Anggota DPR Dijerat Pasal Penganiayaan dan Terancam 12 Tahun Penjara. Kompas.Com. https://surabaya.kompas.com/read/2023/10/06/192927978/ronald-tannur-anak-anggota-dpr-dijerat-pasal-penganiayaan-dan-terancam-12.
Simangunsong, W. S., & Maullana, I. (2023, September 13). Difabel Menjadi Pengemis karena Kurangnya Akses dan Dukungan. Kompas.Com. https://megapolitan.kompas.com/read/2023/09/13/10312141/difabel-menjadi-pengemis-karena-kurangnya-akses-dan-dukungan.
Smythe, E., & Spence, D. (2019). Reading Heidegger. Nursing Philosophy, June, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/nup.12271.
Sodik, F. (2020). Pendidikan Toleransi dan Relevansinya dengan Dinamika Sosial Masyarakat Indonesia. Tsamratul -Fikri, 14(1), 1–14.
Solomon, R. C., & Higgins, K. M. (2002). Sejarah Filsafat. Bentang Budaya.
Subiyakto, B., & Mutiani. (2019). Internalisasi Nilai Pendidikan Melalui Aktivitas Masyarakat Sebagai Sumber Belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial. Khazanah, 17(1), 137–166. https://doi.org/10.18592/khazanah.v17i1.2885.
Thornton, S. (2020). Ontology and Ethics: Løgstrup Between Heidegger and Levinas. The Monist, 103, 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1093/monist/onz030.
Vaughn, L. (2016). Doing Ethics. W. W. Norton & Company.
Vazquez, J. L. T. (2021). Nietzsche’s shadow: On the Origin and Development of the Term Nihilism. Philosophy and Social Criticism, 47(10), 1199–1212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0191453720975454.
Verhoef, A. H., Toit, J., & Preez, P. du. (2020). Being-In-The-Covid-19-World: Existence, Technology, and Embodiment. Acta Theologica, 40(2), 150–164. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.18820/23099089/actat.v40i2.19.
Wattimena, R. A. A. (2019). Protopia Philosphia. Kanisius.
Westerhoff, J. (2021). An Argument for Ontological Nihilism. Inquiry, 0(0), 1–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2021.1934268.
Woodward, A. (2009). Nihilism in Postmodernity. the Davies Group.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia Undiksha is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
