Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Socio-Economic Conditions of Farmers and Alternatives for Their Recovery in Deli Serdang District
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jish.v11i3.47274Keywords:
COVID-19, Socio-economic, FarmersAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused various negative impacts on people, both those living in urban areas and farmers in rural areas. This study aims to determine the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on farmers and to find alternative approaches to recovering the socio-economic conditions of farmers in the District of Deli Serdang, North Sumatra Province. The research was conducted from June to November 2021 in the District of Deli Serdang. The data used in this research are primary and secondary data, which were analyzed by descriptive methods with qualitative and quantitative approaches to determine the pandemic's impact on social and economic conditions. Statistical tests were carried out to compare the socio-economic conditions of farmers before and during the pandemic with the t-test. Based on the study's findings, it was determined that the COVID-19 pandemic had negatively impacted farmers' socio-economic conditions, which are demonstrated by a decline in their frequency of social interactions, frequency of community visits, family income, and level of savings during the pandemic. Moreover, the recovery of the social-economic conditions of farmers during the COVID-19 pandemic has been achieved through farmer empowerment activities, market development, and institutional and capital sources aspects. Based on the research results, there are three recommendations. Restoration of the socio-economic conditions of farmers will be optimal if carried out collaboratively between the government, the private sector, and the farmers themselves. The government must optimize the empowerment of farmers through training, counseling, and innovation in farming technology. Private institutions are expected to participate in socialization and counseling about optimal farming development during the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
Alains, A. M., Putri, S. E., & Haliawan, P. (2009). Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perikanan Berbasis Masyarakat (PSPBM) Melalui Model Co-Management Perikanan. Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan: Kajian Masalah Ekonomi Dan Pembangunan, 10(2), 172–198. https://doi.org/10.23917/jep.v10i2.799
Aldrich, D. P. (2010). The power of people: social capital’s role in recovery from the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Natural Hazards, 56(3), 595–611. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1007/s11069-010-9577-7
Alipour, F., Khankeh, H., Fekrazad, H., Kamali, M., Rafiey, H., & Ahmadi, S. (2015). Social issues and post-disaster recovery: A qualitative study in an Iranian context. International Social Work, 58(5), 689–703. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872815584426
Amir, M. K. Bin, & Bin Amir, M. Z. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic: Socio-Economic Response, Recovery and Reconstruction Policies on Major Global Sectors. SSRN Electronic Journal, 101244. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3629670
Andriansyah, Y. (2015). Post-disaster economic recovery in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Interdisciplinary Behavior and Social Sciences - Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Interdisciplinary Behavior and Social Sciences, ICIBSoS 2014, November, 349–353. https://doi.org/10.1201/b18146-62
Baldwin, R., & Mauro, B. W. di. (2020). Economics in the Time of COVID-19. In Economics in the Time of COVID-19. www.cepr.org
BPS. (2020a). Kecamatan Pancur Batu Dalam Angka (Pancur Batu Subdistrict in Figures. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Deli Serdang. https://deliserdangkab.bps.go.id/
BPS. (2020b). Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Dalam Angka (Percut Sei Tuan Sub-district in Figures). Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Deli Serdang. https://deliserdangkab.bps.go.id/
BPS. (2020c). Kecamatan Sunggal dalam angka 2020 (Sunggal Subdistrict in Figures. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Deli Serdang. https://deliserdangkab.bps.go.id/
BPS. (2022). Propinsi Sumatera Utara Dalam Angka (Sumatera Utara Province in Figure). Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Sumatera Utara.
Cheval, S., Adamescu, C. M., Georgiadis, T., Herrnegger, M., Piticar, A., & Legates, D. R. (2020). Observed and potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the environment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114140
Chhotray, V., & Few, R. (2012). Post-disaster recovery and ongoing vulnerability: Ten years after the super-cyclone of 1999 in Orissa, India. Global Environmental Change, 22(3), 695–702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.05.001
Covid19.deliserdangkab.go.id. (2021). Data Real Time Berdasarkan Rumah Sakit atau Puskesmas (Real Time Data Based on Hospital or Puskesmas). Gugus Tugas Pencegahan Dan Penyebaran COVID-19 Kabupaten Deli Serdang (COVID-19 Prevention and Spreading Task Force District of Deli Serdang ). https://covid19.deliserdangkab.go.id/
Cusack, P. T. E., BScE, & Dule. (2020). Economic Recovery After Covid -19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES, 6(5), 1197–1198. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15520/jassh.v6i5.488
Deloitte. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on short- and consumer behavior. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/de/Documents/consumer-business/Impact of the COVID-19 crisis on consumer behavior.pdf
Diao, X., & Mahrt, K. (2020). Assessing the impacts of COVID-19 on household incomes and poverty in Myanmar: A microsimulation approach (Issue July). www.ifpri.org
Djalante, R., Lassa, J., Setiamarga, D., Sudjatma, A., Indrawan, M., Haryanto, B., Mahfud, C., Sinapoy, M. S., Djalante, S., Rafliana, I., Gunawan, L. A., Surtiari, G. A. K., & Warsilah, H. (2020). Review and analysis of current responses to COVID-19 in Indonesia: Period of January to March 2020. Progress in Disaster Science, 6, 100091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100091
Efendi, R. (2020). Penyebaran COVID-19 di Medan dan Deli Serdang Tertinggi se-Sumut. Liputan6.Com. https://www.liputan6.com/regional/read/4251776/penyebaran-COVID-19-di-medan-dan-deli-serdang-tertinggi-se-sumut
Elmer, T., Mepham, K., & Stadtfeld, C. (2020). Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLoS ONE, 15(7 July), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236337
Estrada, M. A. R. (2020). A Post-Wuhan-COVID-19 Economic Recovery Proposal: The National Domestic Economic Auto-Sustainability Model (NDEAS-Model). SSRN Electronic Journal, 1(March). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3558883
Furman, J., Geithner, T. F., Hubbard, R. G., & Kearney, M. S. (2020). Promoting economic recovery after COVID-19. Economic Strategy Group, COVID 19 Resources. https://economicstrategygroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Promoting-Economic Recovery- After-COVID-0615-FINAL.pdf
Gordon, R. (2004). The social system as site of disaster impact and resource for recovery. The Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 19(4), 16–22.
Gupta, M., & Sharma, A. (2006). Compounded loss: the post tsunami recovery experience of Indian island communities. Disaster Prevention and Management, 15(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/DOI:10.1108/09653560610654248
Hannan, A. (2018). Strategi Penguatan Pembangunan Madura yang Berkelanjutan Melalui Pemberdayaan Nilai Kearifan Lokal. Simulacra, 1(1), 19–42.
Hartati, P., & Susanto. (2020). Peran Pemuda Tani Dalam Pencegahan Penyebaran COVID-19 di Tingkat Petani (Kasus di Kabupaten Magelang). BASKARA : Journal of Business & Entrepreneurship, 2(2), 107–112. https://doi.org/10.24853/baskara.2.2.107-112
Hayati, M., Elfiana, & Martina. (2017). Peranan Sektor Pertanian Dalam Pembangunan Wilayah Kabupaten Bireuen Provinsi Aceh. Jurnal S. Pertanian, 1(3), 213–222. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/210910-peranan-sektor-pertanian-dalam-pembangun.pdf
ILO. (2020a). COVID-19 crisis and the informal economy Immediate responses and policy challenges: Vol. (Issue May).
ILO. (2020b). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on jobs and incomes in G20 economies: Vol. (Issue August). https://www.ilo.org/global/docs/WCMS_753607/lang--en/index.htm
Jeehoon, H., Meyer, B. D., & Sullivan, J. X. (2002). Income and poverty in the COVID-19 pandemic. In Brookings Papers On Economic Activity: Vol. (Issue).
Jeong, S., & Yoon, D. K. (2018). Examining vulnerability factors to natural disasters with a spatial autoregressive model: The case of south Korea. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(5), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051651
Lehmann, N., Finger, R., Klein, T., & Calanca, P. (2013). Sample Size Requirements for Assessing Statistical Moments of Simulated Crop Yield Distributions. Agriculture (Switzerland), 3(2), 210–220. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture3020210
Martin, A., Markhvida, M., Hallegatte, S., & Walsh, B. (2020). Socio-economic impacts of COVID-19 on household consumption and poverty. Economics of Disasters and Climate Change, 4, 453–479. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s41885-020-00070-3
Maryanti, S., Netrawati, I. O., & Faezal. (2019). Menggerakan perekonomian melalui pemulihan usaha dan industri mikro kecil menengah pasca bencana gempa bumi di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Ejurnal Binawakya, 14(4), 2321–2336. file:///C:/Users/Hotden/AppData/Local/Temp/MENGGERAKAN_PEREKONOMIAN_MELALUI_PEMULIHAN_USAHA_D.pdf
Menon, A., & Schmidt-Vogt, D. (2022). Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Farmers and Their Responses: A Study of Three Farming Systems in Kerala, South India. Land, 11(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11010144
Metro. (2020). Pandemi COVID-19, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Kabupaten Deliserdang Menurun. Metro-Online.Co. https://www.metro-online.co/2020/08/pandemi-COVID-19-pertumbuhan-ekonomi-deliserdang-menurun.html
Montolalu, C. E. J. C., & Langi, Y. A. R. (2018). Pengaruh Pelatihan Dasar Komputer dan Teknologi Informasi bagi Guru-Guru dengan Uji-T Berpasangan (Paired Sample T-Test). Jurnal Matematika Dan Aplikasi DeCartesiaN, 7(1), 44–46. https://doi.org/10.35799/dc.7.1.2018.20113
Nainggolan, H. L., Ginting, A., Tampubolon, J., Aritonang, J., & Hutagalung, M. (2019). Dampak Erupsi Sinabung Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Petani Hortikultura di Kecamatan Simpang Empat Kabupaten Karo. Sosiohumaniora, 21(3), 287–295. https://doi.org/10.24198/sosiohumaniora.v21i3.22382
Nakagawa, Y., & Shaw, R. (2004). Social capital: a missing link to disaster recovery. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 22(1), 5–34. http://ijmed.org/articles/235/download/
Nasution, D. A. D., Erlina, E., & Muda, I. (2020). Dampak Pandemi COVID-19 terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia. Jurnal Benefita, 5(2), 212. https://doi.org/10.22216/jbe.v5i2.5313
Nurhidayah, N. (2019). Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Berbasis Pertanian Terpadu Di Joglo Tani. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Media Pemikiran Dan Dakwah Pembangunan, 2(1), 129–148. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2018.021-07
Oktavianti, A., Sugeng, W., & Agusta, A. (2016). Implementasi Aplikasi Hijab Berbasis Android dengan Metode Canny Operator dan Template Matching Correlation. Jurnal Teknik Informatika Dan Sistem Informasi, 2(2), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.28932/jutisi.v2i2.456
Olshansky, R. B., & Chang, S. (2009). Planning for disaster recovery: Emerging research needs and challenges. Progress in Planning, 72(4), 200–2009. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284047944_Planning_for_disaster_recovery_Emerging_research_needs_and_challenges
Prawoto, N., Purnomo, E. P., & Zahra, A. A. (2020). The Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Socio-Economic Mobility in Indonesia The Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Socio-Economic Mobility in Indonesia. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, VIII(3), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/486
Prihadi, B. (2010). Pengukuran Respon Estetik Siswa Dengan Semantic Diffrential. Imaji, 8(2), 117–132.
Rahmiyati, N., Andayani, S., & Panjaitan, H. (2015). Model pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penerapan teknologi tepat guna di Kota Mojokerto. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi & Manajemen, 2(2), 48–62. http://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/jmm17/article/view/506/463
Ranasinghe, R., Karunarathna, C., & Pradeepamali, J. (2020). After Corona (COVID-19) Impacts on Global Poverty and Recovery of Tourism Based Service Economies: An Appraisal. SSRN Electronic Journal, May. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3591259
Santoso, I. (2010). Pengembangan Model Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Petani Tepian Hutan Berbasis Perilaku Adaptif: Analisis Sosio Kultural. Ekonom, 13 No. 3(Juli), 92–98.
Sapbamrer, R., Chittrakul, J., Sirikul, W., Kitro, A., Chaiut, W., Panya, P., Amput, P., Chaipin, E., Sutalangka, C., Sidthilaw, S., Promrak, P., Kamolsan, P., & Hongsibsong, S. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Daily Lives, Agricultural Working Lives, and Mental Health of Farmers in Northern Thailand. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031189
Sarni, & Sidayat, M. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Income of Vegetable Farmers in Ternate City (Dampak Pandemi Covid 19 Terhadap Pendapatan Petani Sayuran Di Kota Ternate). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Agribisnis 2020, 21, 144–148. https://ejournal.unkhair.ac.id/index.php/semnasagribisnis/article/view/2460
Simamora, E. (2020). Dampak Pandemi COVID-19, Ekonomi Sumut Minus 2,37%. Medanbisnisdaily.Com. https://medanbisnisdaily.com/news/online/read/2020/07/24/114776/dampak_pandemi_covid_19_ekonomi_sumut_minus_2_37/
Soseco, T. (2020). Lessons from COVID-19 : Small and financially strong family (Pembelajaran dari Covid19 : Keluarga kecil dengan kemampuan keuangan yang Kuat). Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia, Edisi Khusus Demografi Dan COVID-19, 49–52.
Stansfeld, S. (2002). Social Support Measurement and Intervention: A Guide for Health and Social Scientists. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31(3), 698–698. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/31.3.698
Suppawittaya, P., Yiemphat, P., & Yasri, P. (2020). Effects of Social Distancing , Self-Quarantine and Self-Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on People ’ s Well -Being , and How to Cope with It. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 5(June), 12–20.
Suryahadi, A., Al Izzati, R., & Suryadarma, D. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on poverty: An estimation for Indonesia. SMERU Working Paper, April, 1–20. http://smeru.or.id/en/content/impact-COVID-19-outbreak-poverty-estimation-indonesia
Taiwo, M. A., Ayodeji, A. M., & Yusuf, B. A. (2013). Impact of Small and Medium Enterprises on Economic Growth and Development. American Journal of Business and Management, 2(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.11634/21679606170644
Tapung, M. M., Regus, M., Payong, M. R., Rahmat, S. T., & Jelahu, F. M. (2020). Bantuan sosial dan pendidikan kesehatan bagi masyarakat pesisir yang terdampak sosial-ekonomi selama patogenesis COVID-19 di Manggarai. Transformasi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 16(1), 12–26.
Treasury, H. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on working household incomes: Distributional analysis as of May 2020: Vol. (Issue). www.gov.uk/official-documents.
Ulfa, A., Nugroho, A., Pospos, T. H., Suherman, G., & Ariyati, N. (2021). Global pandemic and agriculture in Aceh Province, Indonesia: An initial impact. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 667(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/667/1/012099
UNFPA. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Planning and Ending Gender-based Violence, Female Genital Mutilation and Child Marriage. Interim Technical Note, April, 7. https://www.unfpa.org/sites/default/files/resource-pdf/COVID-19_impact_brief_for_UNFPA_24_April_2020_1.pdf
Verma, A. K., & Prakash, S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Environment and Society. Journal of Global Biosciences Vol, 09(5), 7352–7363. https://www.mutagens.co.in/jgb/vol.09/05/090506.pdf
Widiastuti, N., & Tuti, R. W. D. (2022). Kepemimpinan Strategis dalam Penanggulangan Pandemi COVID-19 di Provinsi Bali. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 11(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.23887/jish.v11i1.38274
Wiguna, & Ketut, S. I. (2019). Analysis of the Effect of Government Role and Social Capital in Disaster Management on Economic Recovery of Disaster Victims in the Sarbagita Area of Bali Province. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 91(7), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2019-07.27
Witarsa. (2015). Model Pengembangan Ekonomi Masyarakat Pesisir Berbasis Co-Management Sumberdaya Perikanan Di Kabupaten Pontianak. Jurnal Economia, 11(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.21831/economia.v11i1.7752
Zhang, H., Dolan, C., Jing, S. M., Uyimleshi, J., & Dodd, P. (2019). Bounce forward: Economic recovery in post-disaster Fukushima. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(23), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11236736
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Hotden Leonardo Nainggolan, Albina Ginting, Susana Tabah Trina, Yanto Raya Tampubolon, Tavi Supriana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with the Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. (See The Effect of Open Access)
.png)
.png)
