ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND THE EFFECT OF CANG SALAK TEA (CST) DIET TO LIPID PROFILE ON HYPERLIPIDEMIC RAT

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v10i2.39302

Keywords:

salacca bark, sappan wood, hyperlipidemia, lipid profile

Abstract

The bark of Sibetan snakefruit (Salacca zalacca) and sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) are combined into the product of Cang Salak Tea (CST). This tea is expected to be useful for diseases associated with dyslipidemia. The purpose of this study was to examine the secondary metabolites in CST and to determine the effect of CST treatment on the lipid profile of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL, and LDL level. Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control group (K), hyperlipidemic rats group given CST (P1), and hyperlipidemic rat group without CST treatment. Group P1 was given CST as much as 1.2 mL per day for 4 weeks. CST contains alkaloid, flavanoid, tannin, phenol, and saponine. Flavonoid level about 81.026 ppm; tannin 525.706 ppm, IC50 177.689 ppm, and phenol 622.7844 ppm. There were significant differences in the lipid profile of K and P1 with P2. CST treatment to hyperlipidemic rats can reduce total cholesterol and normalize level of TG, HDL, and LDL. The active substance in CST has role in lipid metabolism, so it can improve the lipid profile of hyperlipidemic rats.

References

Abranches, M. V., Oliveira, F. C. E. De, & Bressan, J. (2011). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor : effects on nutritional homeostasis , obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 26(2), 271–279. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2011.26.2.4875

Arief, M. I., Novriansyah, R., Budianto, I. T., & Harmaji, M. B. (2012). Potensi bunga karamunting (Melastoma malabathricum L.) terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida pada tikus putih jantan hiperlipidemia yang diinduksi propiltiourasil. Jurnal Prestasi, 1(2).

Babandi, A., Musa, N., Yakasai, H. M., Babagana, K., & Ibrahim, A. (2019). Lipid-Lowering Property of Flavonoid-Rich Portion of Combretum Micranthum on High Fat Diet Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats. 9(1), 42–50. https://doi.org/10.17706/ijbbb.2019.9.1.42-50

Baharvand-ahmadi, B., Rafieian-kopaei, M., Zarshenas, M. M., Bahmani, M., & Bahmani, M. (2015). Contrasting actions of various antioxidants on hyperlipidemia : A review and new concepts. Der Pharmacia Lettre, 7(12), 81–88.

Bautista‐García, P., Lorena González‐López, B. G., & Castillo‐Rosas, C. Del. (2017). Effect of Bioactive Nutriments in Health and Disease: The Role of Epigenetic Modifications. Intech, i, 123–141. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57353

Bayir, A. G., Aksoy, A. N., & KOÇYİĞİT, A. (2019). The Importance of Polyphenols as Functional Food in Health. Bezmialem Science, 7(2), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.14235/bas.galenos.2018.2486

Behrens, C. E., Smith, K. E., Iancu, C. V, Choe, J., & Dean, J. V. (2019). Transport of Anthocyanins and other Flavonoids by the Arabidopsis ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter. Scientific Reports, 9(437), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-37504-8

Bumrungpert, A., Lilitchan, S., Tuntipopipat, S., Tirawanchai, N., & Komindr, S. (2018). Ferulic Acid Supplementation Improves Lipid Profiles, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Status in Hyperlipidemic Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrie, 10(713), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060713

Chen, H., He, J., Luo, Y., & Zheng, P. (2020). Dietary Ferulic Acid Supplementation Improves Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism in Weaned Piglets. Nutrients, 12(3811), 1–11.

Dhyanaputri, I. G. A. S., Karta, I. W., & Krisna, L. A. W. (2016). Analisis Kandungan Gizi Ekstrak Kulit Salak Produksi Kelompok Tani Abian Salak Desa Sibetan Sebagai Upaya Pengembangan Potensi Produk Pangan Lokal. MEDITORY, 4(2), 93–100.

El-newary, S. A. (2016). The hypolipidemic effect of Portulaca oleracea L . stem on hyperlipidemic Wister Albino rats. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 61(1), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2016.01.002

Fraga-corral, M., Otero, P., Echave, J., Garcia-oliveira, P., Carpena, M., Jarboui, A., Nuñez-estevez, B., Simal-gandara, J., & Prieto, M. A. (2021). By-Products of Agri-Food Industry as Tannin-Rich Sources : A Review of Tannins ’ Biological Activities and Their Potential for Valorization. Foods, 10(137), 1–22.

Grygiel-górniak, B. (2014). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and their ligands : nutritional and clinical implications – a review. Nutrition Journal, 13(17), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-17

Hayudanti, D., Wirjatmadi, R. B., & Adriani, M. (2018). Ekstrak Semanggi Air terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Lipoprotein Lipase pada Tikus Hipertrigliseridemia Water Clover Extract in Liprotein Lipase Enzyme Activity of the Hypertriglyceride Rats. 2018, 2071(September), 118–125.

Islam, S. U., Ahmed, M. B., & Ahsan, H. (2021). Recent Molecular Mechanisms and Beneficial Effects of Phytochemicals and Plant-Based Whole Foods in Reducing LDL-C and Preventing Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants, 10(784), 1–28.

Jacobo-albavera, L., Dom, M., & Medina-leyte, D. J. (2021). The Role of the ATP-Binding Cassette A1 ( ABCA1 ) in Human Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(1593), 1–30.

Karta, I. W., Iswari, P. A. K., & Susila, L. A. N. K. E. (2019). Meditory. MEDITORY, 7(5), 27–36. https://ejournal.poltekkes-denpasar.ac.id/index.php/M/article/view/473/258

Kelly, R. B. (2011). American family physician. Pharmacological treatment of hyperlipidemia. American Family Physician, 81(9), 1097–1102.

Lee, M.-J., Lee, H.-S., Jung, H.-J., Lee, C.-S., Kim, J.-E., Moon, H.-I., & Park, W.-H. (2010). Caesalpinia sappan L. ameliorates hypercholesterolemia in C57BL/6 mice and suppresses inflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by antioxidant mechanism. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 32(4), 671–679. https://doi.org/10.3109/08923971003671116

Lin, C. F., Chang, Y. H., Chien, S. C., Lin, Y. H., & Yeh, H. Y. (2018). Epidemiology of Dyslipidemia in the Asia Pacific Region. International Journal of Gerontology, 12(1), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijge.2018.02.010

Marrelli, M., Conforti, F., Araniti, F., & Statti, G. A. (2016). Effects of Saponins on Lipid Metabolism : A Review of Potential Health Benefits in the Treatment of Obesity. Molucules, 21(1404), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101404

Millar, C. L., Duclos, Q., & Blesso, C. N. (2017). Effects of Dietary Flavonoids on Reverse Cholesterol Transport, HDL Metabolism, and HDL Function. Advances in Nutrition, 8(22), 226–239. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.116.014050.226

Mnafgui, K., Derbali, A., & Sayadi, S. (2015). Anti-obesity and cardioprotective effects of cinnamic acid in high fat diet- induced obese rats. J Food Sci Techno, 52(July), 4369–4377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-014-1488-2

Muchtaromah, B., Mutmainah, F. N., Prahardika, B. A., & Ahmad, M. (2020). Antioxidant and Antifungal Activities of Temu mangga ( Curcuma mangga Val .) Extract in Some Solvents. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 16(2), 1–18.

Nelson, R. H. (2013). Hyperlipidemia as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease Robert. Prim Care, 40(1), 195–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2012.11.003.Hyperlipidemia

Neri-numa, I. A., Baú, C., Cazarin, B., Lúcia, A., Gois, T., Nicolau, B., Molina, G., & Maria, G. (2020). Targeting fl avonoids on modulation of metabolic syndrome. Journal of Functional Foods, 73(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2020.104132

Rahmania, S., Sulistiyani, & Lelono, A. A. (2017). Identification of HMG - CoA Reductase Inhibitor Active Compound in Medicinal Forest Plants. Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia, 7(2), 95–104.

Ramchoun, M., Khouya, T., Harnafi, H., Alem, C., Benlyas, M., Simmet, T., Ouguerram, K., & Amrani, S. (2020). Effect of polyphenol , flavonoid , and saponin fractions from Thymus atlanticus on acute and chronic hyperlipidemia in mice. Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(69), 1–9.

Ridho, A., Wathoni, N., Subarnas, A., & Levita, J. (2019). Insights of phytoconstituents and pharmacology activities of Salacca plants. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 9, 9(10), 120–124. https://doi.org/10.7324/JAPS.2019.91017

Sales, N. M. R., Pelegrini, P. B., & Goersch, M. C. (2014). Nutrigenomics: Definitions and Advances of This New Science. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2014, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/202759

Singh, R., & Nain, S. (2019). A Mini-Review on Hyperlipidemia: Common Clinical Problem. Interventional Cardiology Journal, 04(03), 10–12. https://doi.org/10.21767/2471-8157.100080

Smith, J. B., & Mangkoewidjojo, S. (1998). Pemeliharaan, Pembiakan, dan Penggunaan Hewan Percobaan di Daerah Tropis. UI Press.

Stanely Mainzen Prince, P., & Kannan, N. K. (2006). Protective effect of rutin on lipids, lipoproteins, lipid metabolizing enzymes and glycoproteins in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 58(10), 1373–1383. https://doi.org/10.1211/jpp.58.10.0011

Sudheer, A. R., Chandran, K., Marimuthu, S., & Menon, V. P. (2005). Ferulic Acid Modulates Altered Lipid Profiles and Prooxidant/Antioxidant Status in Circulation During Nicotine-Induced Toxicity: A Dose-Dependent Study. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 15(6), 375–381. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376520500194783

Verma, N. (2017). Introduction To Hyperlipidemia and Its Treatment : A Review. Verma Int J Curr Pharm Res, 9(1), 6–14.

Wediasari, F., Nugroho, G. A., Fadhilah, Z., Elya, B., Setiawan, H., & Mozef, T. (2020). Hypoglycemic Effect of a Combined Andrographis paniculata and Caesalpinia sappan Extract in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2020, 8856129. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8856129

Ye, Z., Lu, Y., & Wu, T. (2020). The impact of ATP-binding cassette transporters on metabolic diseases. Nutrition & Metabolism, 17(61), 1–14.

Zeka, K., Ruparelia, K., Arroo, R., Budriesi, R., & Micucci, M. (2017). Flavonoids and Their Metabolites: Prevention in Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes. Diseases, 5(3), 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases5030019

Zhang, X., Jin, Y., Wu, Y., Zhang, C., Jin, D., Zheng, Q., & Li, Y. (2018). Anti-hyperglycemic and anti- hyperlipidemia effects of the alkaloid-rich extract from barks of Litsea glutinosa in ob / ob mice. Scientific Reportseports, 8(March), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30823-w

Downloads

Published

2021-11-03

How to Cite

Karta, I. W., Burhannuddin, B., & Kartawidjajaputra, F. (2021). ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL SUBSTANCE AND THE EFFECT OF CANG SALAK TEA (CST) DIET TO LIPID PROFILE ON HYPERLIPIDEMIC RAT. JST (Jurnal Sains Dan Teknologi), 10(2), 239–251. https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v10i2.39302

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 2 (2021)

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with the Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi (JST)   agree to the following terms:

  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work. (See The Effect of Open Access)