Dilema Moral Teknik “Three-Parents-Baby” Pada Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23887/jfi.v6i2.53689Kata Kunci:
Deontologi, Mitochondrial replacement therapy, Teleologi, Value-bond, Value-freeAbstrak
Penyakit mitokondria merupakan salah satu penyakit maternal yang belum dapat disembuhkan. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah diturunkannya penyakit mitokondria yaitu melalui terapi pengganti mitokondria (Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy). Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas teknik Mitochondrial Replacement Therapy (MRT) dari aspek moral melalui kajian teoritis dari berbagai referensi yang sesuai. Secara ontologi, penyakit mitokondria merupakan fenomena unobservable yang menyebabkan sekitar 50 bayi dilahirkan menderita penyakit yang parah setiap tahun dan banyak yang meninggal sebelum usia lima tahun di beberapa negara. Secara epistemologi, teknik MRT terjadi secara evolusi yang dikembangkan dari hasil kajian fertilisasi in vitro. Secara aksiologi berkaitan dengan penerapan teknik MRT yang menimbulkan berbagai kontroversial di masyarakat. Dalam menghindari terjadinya dehumanisasi terhadap penerapan teknik MRT, maka teknik MRT terikat oleh nilai (value-bound) yang diatur melalui berbagai kebijakaan pemerintah. Selanjutnya, dipandang dari etika teknik MRT dapat dipandang dari paham deontologi dan paham teleologi. Paham deontologi dalam teknik MRT memberikan rekomendasi cara yang baik dalam melaksanakan MRT melalui aturan kebijakan pemerintah. Sedangkan paham teleologi mengarahkan teknik MRT hanya boleh diberikan kepada pasien dengan tujuan untuk mencegah penularan penyakit mitokondria yang parah.
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