STUDI KOMPARATIF HAK ASUH ANAK SEBAGAI AKIBAT PERCERAIAN DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM NASIONAL DAN HUKUM ADAT DI DESA KAMASAN KECAMATAN KLUNGKUNG KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) proses perceraian berdasarkan hukum Nasional dan proses perceraian berdasarkan hukum Adat di Desa Kamasan, (2) proses penentuan hak asuh terhadap anak sebagai hasil dari perceraian berdasarkan hukum nasional dan proses penentuan hak asuh terhadap anak sebagai hasil dari perceraian berdasarkan hukum Adat di Desa Kamasan, (3) komparasi hak asuh anak pasca perceraian antara hukum adat di Desa Kamasan, Kecamatan Klungkung Kabupaten Klungkung dengan hukum Nasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Penentuan subjek dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Purposive Sampling, dan yang menjadi subjek penelitian yaitu : Kepala Desa, Klian adat, Pakar Hukum, Tokoh masyarakat dan masyarakat yang mengalami permasalahan hak asuh anak. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupa: metode wawancara, metode observasi, metode pencacatan dokumen, metode kepustakaan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan hasil : 1) Terdapat perbedaan antara proses perceraian dalam Hukum Adat di Desa Kamasan dengan Hukum Nasional yaitu dalam Hukum Adat di Desa Kamasan proses perceraian dilakukan dengan musyawarah, sedangkan proses perceraian dalam Hukum Nasional diselesaikan di Pengadilan Negeri setempat. 2) Dalam proses penentuan hak asuh anak juga terdapat perbedaan antara Hukum Adat di Desa Kamasan dan Hukum Nasional, dimana dalam Hukum Adat di Desa Kamasan diselesaikan dengan musyawarah dan disesuaikan dengan awig-awig yang berlaku, sedangkan proses penentuan hak asuh anak dalam hukum nasional diputuskan dalam sidang perceraian di Pengadilan Negeri. 3) Komparasi hak asuh anak pasca perceraian antara Hukum Adat di Desa Kamasan dengan Hukum nasional, dimana dalam hukum adat di Desa Kamasan hak asuh anak dominan jatuh ke pihak purusa sedangkan dalam Hukum Nasional hak asuh anak dominan jatuh ke pihak ibu karena ibu dianggap memiliki ikatan yang lebih kuat dengan sang anak.
Kata Kunci : Hak Asuh Anak, Perceraian, Hukum Adat, Hukum Nasional

This reseaech was aimed to knowing (1) process of divorcing based on constitutional law and the process of divorcing based on customary law in Kamasan village (2) process of deciding the right for nurturing children as the result of divorcing based on constitutional law and the process of deciding the right for nurturing children as the result of divorcing based on customary law in Kamasan village. (3) comparation of the right for nurturing the children after divorcing between customary law in Kamasan village and constitutional law. This research was a description qualitative research. Purposive sampling was used in taking the subjects of this study and the subjects of this study were the head of Kamasan village, kelian adat, law experts, elite figures, and people who experienced of having problem in the right of nurturing. Data were collected by using interview method, observation method, document method, and literature method. Data were analyted by using descriptive qualitative approach. The result of this study showed that (1) the process of divorcing based on customary law in Kamasan village was done through deliberate which was attented by prajuru adat, and witness, while the divorcing process based on constitutional law was done through the process in state court in that area. (2) the process of deciding the right for nurturing the children based on customary law in Kamasan village was done through deliberating process of divorcing and accomodated the awig-awig that are implemented in Kamasan village, while the process of deciding the right for nurturing the children basen on constitutional law was done through the process of divorcing in state court. (3) the comporation of the right for nurturing the children after arnorcing between customary law in Kamasan village and constitutional law, based on customary law in Kamasan village, the right for nurturing the children was given to purusa, meanwhile based on constitutional law, the right for nurturing the children was given to the mother since mother was assumed having stronger bond with the children
keyword : Custody, divorce, customary law, constitutional law